Resources
Documents for Download:
- COST Documents and Guidelines
- Annotated Rules for COST Actions, Version 3 (25 September 2025) (.PDF file)
- CA25147 Memorandum of Understanding (.PDF file)
Bodies, Consortia and Useful Websites:
- Phage4Crops LinkedIn Account
- Phage4Crops BlueSky Account
- CABI: Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International
- COST: European CoOperation in Science and Technology
- EFSA: European Food Safety Authority
- EPPO: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation
- Euphresco: Network of organisations funding research projects and coordinating national research in the phytosanitary area
- Phytobiomes Alliance: An industry-academic collaborative initiative focused on building a phytobiome-based foundation for accelerating the sustainable production of food, feed, and fiber.
- BIOVEXO: Biocontrol of Xylella and its vector in olive trees for integrated pest management
Phage Societies and European Projects:
- Africa Phage Forum: Platform encouraging scholarship, collaboration and mentorship among researchers and advancing phage research in Africa
- BSVoM: Belgian Society for Viruses of Microbes
- FAGOMA: Spanish Network of Bacteriophages and Transducer Elements
- InnovaPhage: Innovative solutions in phage-mediated biocontrol of fire blight
- ISVM: International Society for Viruses of Microorganisms
- The Phage: Blog and platform for job advertisements and curated methods for bacteriophage work — from sample collection to sequencing and bioinformatics
- Phage Canada: Non-profit initiative to support and advance phage research and phage therapy in Canada across medical, environmental, and agricultural domains
- Phage Directory: Blog and community board for phage researchers and phage enthusiasts to share news and seek advice, collaborations, opportunities, and more
- Phages for Global Health: Initiative to facilitate the application of antibacterial phage technology in the developing world
- Phages.fr: French network on topics related to bacteriophages, including the study of their structures, molecular and cellular interactions, ecology and evolution, phage therapy, and biocontrol in human, plant, and animal health and industry, as well as in the humanities and social sciences
- Phage Valley: Belgian hub for the world’s phage-based solutions
- PhageNet DZIF: Network of scientists, physicians and veterinarians to promote the best possible implementation of bacteriophage research, development and therapy in Germany
- phageSuisse: Non-profit organization dedicated to providing information and training to healthcare professionals on bacteriophage-based therapy
- Phage UK: The UK clinical network for phage therapy
- SPP 2330: German DFG priority programme on “New concepts in prokaryotic virus-host interactions – from single cells to microbial communities”
Companies in Participating COST Countries:
- APS Biocontrol Ltd. (UK): https://www.apsbiocontrol.com/
- Bezdinek Farma (Czech Republic): https://www.farmabezdinek.cz/
- Bioline AgroSciences Ltd. (UK): https://www.biolineagrosciences.com/
- De Ceuster Meststoffen NV (Belgium): https://dcm-info.com/
- Enviroinvest Zrt. (Hungary): https://www.enviroinvest.hu/
- Greenphage (France): https://greenphage.com/
Phage4Crops Newsletters:
- Newsletter no. 1 – pending (2026)
Important Plant Pathogens (BSPP):
- The Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology, incl. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Dickeya (dadantii and solani), Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium (atrosepticum and carotovorum), Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas spp. and Xylella fastidiosa
- Acidovorax citrulli / Cucurbit plants (2012)
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens / One of the widest host ranges known among plant pathogens (2000)
- Burkholderia glumae / Rice (2011)
- Clavibacter michiganensis / Mainly tomato, but natural infection also occurs on eggplant, pepper and wild nightshade plants (2025)
- Clavibacter nebraskensis / Maize (2023)
- Clavibacter sepedonicus / Mainly potato, but natural infection also occurs on eggplant, tomato, and sugar beet (2022)
- Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens / Edible dry beans, including common bean, cowpea, mungbean and soybean (2020)
- Erwinia amylovora / Rosaceous plants, including apple and pear (fireblight) (2000)
- Soft rot erwiniae: Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica and carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi / wide host range, including Brussels sprout, carrot, celery, cucumber, capsicum, turnip, chicory and potato (2003)
- Pantoea agglomerans pvs. gypsophilae and betae / Common gypsophila and beet (2003)
- Pantoea ananatis /Wide host range, including pineapple, melons, onion, maize, rice, but also mushrooms and Eucalyptus trees (2009)
- Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii / Sweet corn (2011)
- Phytoplasmas / Broad plant host range, which depends on the plant feeding range of their insect vectors (2008)
- Pseudomonas corrugata / Tomato (pith necrosis) (2007)
- Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi / Olive (2012)
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae / Kiwifruit (2012)
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata / Mainly beets and cucurbits (2026)
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola / Common bean (2011)
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato / Tomato (bacterial speck), Arabidopsis thaliana, present on wide range of crop and weed species (2000)
- Pseudomonas viridiflava / Wide host range, including artichoke, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, citrus, cucumber, grape, lettuce, melon, onion, and stone fruits (2022)
- Ralstonia solanacearum / Unusually large host range, including nightshades (wilt), banana (Moko disease) and potato (brown rot) (2002)
- Ralstonia solanacearum / Unusually large host range, including nightshades (wilt), banana (Moko disease) and potato (brown rot) (2013)
- Streptomyces scabies / Broad host range comprising tuber vegetables and most tap root crops, including potato, beet, carrot, parsnip, radish, rutabaga and turnip (2009)
- Xanthomonas albilineans/ Sugarcane (2001)
- Xanthomonas arboricola pvs. juglandis and corylina / Walnut and hazelnut (2021)
- Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni / Stone fruits and almond (2018)
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris / Crucifers (2013)
- Xanthomonas citri / Citrus (2003)
- Xanthomonas citri pv. citri / Citrus (2004)
- Xanthomonas citri pv. citri / Citrus (2018)
- Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas perforans, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas vesicatoria / Pepper & tomato (2015)
- Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pvs. euvesicatoria and perforans, Xanthomonas cynarae pv. gardneri, Xanthomonas vesicatoria / Pepper & tomato (2021)
- Xanthomonas hortorum / Tomato, carrot, artichoke, lettuce, pelargonium, ivy, dandelion (2022)
- Xanthomonas oryzae / Rice (2006)
- Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis and Xanthomonas cassavae / Cassava (2021)
- Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas citri pv. fuscans / Bean (2021)
- Xanthomonas translucens / Mostly Poaceae (2020)
- Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum / Banana (2018)
- Xylella fastidiosa / Broad host range (2018)
Relevant Publications:
- Choudhary M, Bankole IA, McDuffee ST, Parajuli A, Poudel M, Balogh B, Paret ML, Jones JB (2025). Bacteriophages as agents for plant disease control: where are we after a century? Viruses 17: 1033. doi: 10.3390/v17081033
- Dunne M, Prokhorov NS, Loessner MJ, Leiman PG (2021). Reprogramming bacteriophage host range: design principles and strategies for engineering receptor binding proteins. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 68: 272-281. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.02.006
- Farooq T, Hussain MD, Shakeel MT, Tariqjaveed M, Aslam MN, Naqvi SAH, Amjad R, Tang Y, She X, He Z (2022). Deploying viruses against phytobacteria: potential use of phage cocktails as a multifaceted approach to combat resistant bacterial plant pathogens. Viruses 14: 171. doi: 10.3390/v14020171
- García P, Tabla R, Anany H, Bastias R, Brøndsted L, Casado S, Cifuentes P, Deaton J, Denes TG, Islam MA, Lavigne R, Moreno-Switt AI, Nakayama N, Muñoz Madero C, Sulakvelidze A, Svircev AM, Wagemans J, Biosca EG, Rivera D (2023). ECOPHAGE: combating antimicrobial resistance using bacteriophages for eco-sustainable agriculture and food systems. Viruses 15: 2224. doi: 10.3390/v15112224
- Greer SF, Rabiey M, Studholme DJ, Grant M (2024). The potential of bacteriocins and bacteriophages to control bacterial disease of crops with a focus on Xanthomonas spp. J. R. Soc. N. Z. 55: 302-326. doi: 10.1080/03036758.2024.2345315
- Grigson SR, Giles SK, Edwards RA, Papudeshi B (2023). Knowing and naming: phage annotation and nomenclature for phage therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 77: S352-S359. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad539
- Halawa EM (2023). Challenges of bacteriophages application in controlling bacterial plant diseases and how to overcome them. J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. 21: 98. doi: 10.1186/s43141-023-00549-y
- Huss P, Raman S (2020). Engineered bacteriophages as programmable biocontrol agents. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 61: 116-121. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.013
- Korniienko N, Kharina A, Budzanivska I, Burketová L, Kalachova T (2022). Phages of phytopathogenic bacteria: high potential, but challenging application. Plant Protect. Sci. 58: 81-91. doi: 17221/147/2021-PPS
- Lin J, Du F, Long M, Li P (2022). Limitations of phage therapy and corresponding optimization strategies: a review. Molecules 27: 1857. doi: 10.3390/molecules27061857
- Luo J, Dai D, Lv L, Ahmed T, Chen L, Wang Y, An Q, Sun G, Li B (2022). Advancements in the use of bacteriophages to combat the kiwifruit canker phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Viruses 14: 2704. doi: 10.3390/v14122704
- Miroshnikov KA, Evseev PV, Lukianova AA, Ignatov AN (2021). Tailed lytic bacteriophages of soft rot Pectobacteriaceae. Microorganisms 9: 1819. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091819
- Nakayinga R, Makumi A, Tumuhaise V, Tinzaara W (2021). Xanthomonas bacteriophages: a review of their biology and biocontrol applications in agriculture. BMC Microbiol. 21: 291. doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02351-7
- Pandit MA, Kumar J, Gulati S, Bhandari N, Mehta P, Katyal R, Rawat CD, Mishra V, Kaur J (2022). Major biological control strategies for plant pathogens. Pathogens 11: 273. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11020273
- Pereira C, Costa P, Pinheiro L, Balcão VM, Almeida A (2021). Kiwifruit bacterial canker: an integrative view focused on biocontrol strategies. Planta 253: 49. doi: 10.1007/s00425-020-03549-1
- Salehimoghaddam Z, Hynes AP, Doyle RT (2026). From bacterial predators to partners: phages in agriculture. New Phytol. 249: 2729-2735. doi: 10.1111/nph.70959
- Samson R, Dharne M, Khairnar K (2024). Bacteriophages: status quo and emerging trends toward one health approach. Sci. Total Environ. 908: 168461. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168461
- Stefani E, Obradović A, Gašić K, Altin I, Nagy IK, Kovács T (2021). Bacteriophage-mediated control of phytopathogenic xanthomonads: a promising green solution for the future. Microorganisms 9: 1056. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9051056
- Vila MMDC, Balcão LMN, Balcão VM (2024). Phage delivery strategies for biocontrolling human, animal, and plant bacterial infections: state of the art. Pharmaceutics 16: 374. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030374
- Villalpando-Aguilar JL, Matos-Pech G, López-Rosas I, Castelán-Sánchez HG, Alatorre-Cobos F (2022). Phage therapy for crops: concepts, experimental and bioinformatics approaches to direct its application. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24: 325. doi: 10.3390/ijms24010325
- Wagemans J, Holtappels D, Vainio E, Rabiey M, Marzachì C, Herrero S, Ravanbakhsh M, Tebbe CC, Ogliastro M, Ayllón MA, Turina M (2022). Going viral: virus-based biological control agents for plant protection. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 60: 21-42. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-114208
- Zalewska-Piątek B (2023). Phage therapy – challenges, opportunities and future prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 16: 1638. doi: 10.3390/ph16121638
